Eosinophilic Asthma

Eosinophilic Asthma

Key Takeaways Eosinophilic asthma is a severe, late-onset type of asthma characterized by a high number of eosinophils, which drives chronic airway inflammation that is often resistant to standard treatments and responds best to targeted biologic therapies. Symptoms...
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES)

Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES)

Key Takeaways Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare group of disorders characterized by persistently high blood eosinophils (≥1,500/μL), leading to inflammation and organ damage. Pathophysiology ▾: Caused by eosinophil overproduction and toxic...
Leukemoid Reaction

Leukemoid Reaction

Key Takeaways A leukemoid reaction is a benign, reactive process characterized by a marked increase in white blood cells (leukocytosis, often >50,000/µL) with immature myeloid forms (left shift), but it is not a malignancy. Physiological Basis ▾: It...
Hydrops Fetalis

Hydrops Fetalis

Key Takeaways Hydrops fetalis is excessive fluid accumulation in at least two fetal compartments (skin edema, pleural/pericardial effusion, ascites). Types: Immune (IHF, rare due to RhIG) and Non-Immune (NIHF, ~90% of cases). Pathophysiology ▾: Imbalance in...
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