Red Blood Cell Inclusion Bodies

Red Blood Cell Inclusion Bodies

Key Takeaways Red blood cell inclusion bodies are abnormal structures inside red cells, visible on a stained blood smear, and each type points toward a specific group of disorders [1,2]. Howell-Jolly bodies are nuclear DNA remnants and almost always signal...
Abnormal Red Blood Cell Morphology

Abnormal Red Blood Cell Morphology

Key Takeaways Red blood cell morphology describes the size, shape, and color of red blood cells on a peripheral blood smear, and any deviation from the normal biconcave disc serves as a clinical clue to an underlying disease. Common abnormal red blood cell...
Leukocytosis

Leukocytosis

Key Takeaways Leukocytosis is a white blood cell (WBC) count above the normal range, usually >11 x 10⁹/L in adults. It is a clinical sign, not a disease in itself [1]. Causes ▾: The most common causes of leukocytosis are infection, inflammation, physical...
Drug Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia

Drug Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia

Key Takeaways Drug induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is a rare but important condition in which a medication prompts the immune system to destroy a person’s own red blood cells. Mechanism ▾: Three mechanisms explain most cases; the hapten model...
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)

Key Takeaways Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) happens when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the body’s own red blood cells. Types ▾: There are two main forms; warm AIHA, driven by IgG antibodies active at body temperature, and cold...
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