Evans Syndrome

Evans Syndrome

Key Takeaways Evans syndrome is. a rare autoimmune disorder with sequential or simultaneous autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), sometimes with autoimmune neutropenia (AIN). Pathophysiology ▾: Immune dysregulation leads to...
Wilson’s Disease

Wilson’s Disease

Key Takeaways Wilson’s disease is a rare genetic disorder causing toxic copper accumulation in the liver, brain, and other organs. Pathophysiology ▾: Defective ATP7B gene impairs copper excretion into bile and incorporation into ceruloplasmin, leading to...
Leukopenia (Low White Cell Count)

Leukopenia (Low White Cell Count)

Key Takeaways Leukopenia is a total white blood cell count below 4,000 cells per microliter (< 4 x 10⁹/L) in adults. It signals a weakened defense against infection, not a disease in itself. Classification ▾: Mild leukopenia (3,000–4,000),...
Lymphadenopathy

Lymphadenopathy

Key Takeaways Lymphadenopathy refers to the swelling or enlargement of lymph nodes, which are part of the lymphatic system, a crucial component of the immune system. Causes of Lymphadenopathy ▾: The causes are diverse, with infections being the most common,...
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