White Blood Cells (WBCs)

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

TL;DR White blood cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are the body’s defense system cells. They play a crucial role in the immune response, protecting the body from: Infections: Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other pathogens. Foreign substances: Dust,...
Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)

Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)

TL;DR Primary myelofibrosis is a rare chronic blood cancer originating in the bone marrow. Characterized by abnormal blood cell production, bone marrow fibrosis (scarring), and enlarged spleen. Pathogenesis ▾ Caused by clonal mutations in a hematopoietic stem cell,...
Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)

Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)

TL;DR Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a chronic blood cancer characterized by an abnormal increase in platelet production by the bone marrow, leading to an increased risk of blood clots (thrombosis) and bleeding complications. Pathogenesis ▾ Primarily driven by...
Polycythemia Vera

Polycythemia Vera

TL;DR Polycythemia vera is a chronic blood disorder characterized by an increased production of red blood cells. It is caused by genetic mutations in the bone marrow particularly JAK2 mutations. Symptoms ▾: May include fatigue, headache, dizziness, itching, and...
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN)

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN)

TL;DR Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of chronic blood cancers characterized by overproduction of one or more types of blood cells in the bone marrow. Classifications ▾ Essential Thrombocythemia (ET): Increased platelet count Polycythemia Vera (PV):...