by MH Team | Apr 6, 2025 | White Blood Cells
This blog post provides an overview of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and its treatment strategies based on the most recent guideline (2025) from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). TL;DR Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the primary treatment...
by MH Team | Apr 4, 2025 | Red Blood Cells
TL;DR Hemoglobinuria is the presence of free hemoglobin in urine, distinct from hematuria (whole RBCs). It occurs when intravascular hemolysis overwhelms the body’s hemoglobin-handling capacity (haptoglobin, hemopexin). Causes ▾: Transfusion reactions, hemolytic...
by MH Team | Apr 2, 2025 | Red Blood Cells
TL;DR Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine, either visible (gross) or microscopic. Causes ▾: Ranges from benign (UTIs, stones, exercise) to serious (glomerulonephritis, cancer). Symptoms ▾: Can be asymptomatic or include pain, frequency, urgency, fever....
by MH Team | Mar 31, 2025 | Red Blood Cells
TL;DR Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by the Donath-Landsteiner (DL) antibody. Pathophysiology ▾: DL antibody (IgG) binds to red blood cells (RBCs) in cold temperatures. Upon warming, complement activation leads to...
by MH Team | Mar 28, 2025 | Red Blood Cells
TL;DR Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by complement-mediated hemolysis. Pathophysiology ▾: PIGA gene mutation leading to deficiency of GPI-anchored proteins (CD55, CD59). Uncontrolled...
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