Ecchymoses

Ecchymoses

Key Takeaways Ecchymoses are subcutaneous bleeding causing skin discoloration (bruise). Pathophysiology ▾: Small vessel damage leads to blood leakage into tissues; hemoglobin breakdown causes color changes. Causes ▾: Trauma, hematologic disorders,...
Evans Syndrome

Evans Syndrome

Key Takeaways Evans syndrome is. a rare autoimmune disorder with sequential or simultaneous autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), sometimes with autoimmune neutropenia (AIN). Pathophysiology ▾: Immune dysregulation leads to...
Wilson’s Disease

Wilson’s Disease

Key Takeaways Wilson’s disease is a rare genetic disorder causing toxic copper accumulation in the liver, brain, and other organs. Pathophysiology ▾: Defective ATP7B gene impairs copper excretion into bile and incorporation into ceruloplasmin, leading to...
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