Hemoglobinuria: Overview and Causes

Hemoglobinuria: Overview and Causes

Key Takeaways Hemoglobinuria is the presence of free hemoglobin in urine, distinct from hematuria (whole RBCs). It occurs when intravascular hemolysis overwhelms the body’s hemoglobin-handling capacity (haptoglobin, hemopexin). Causes ▾: Transfusion...
Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria

Key Takeaways Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by the Donath-Landsteiner (DL) antibody. Pathophysiology ▾: DL antibody (IgG) binds to red blood cells (RBCs) in cold temperatures. Upon warming, complement activation...
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