Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

TL;DR Definition ▾ Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary chronic hemolytic anemia caused by the production of Hb S (a qualitative hemoglobin defect due to a β-globin gene codon 6 mutation [glutamic acid → valine]) Pathophysiology ▾ Sickle cell anemia is a genetic...
Components of Donated Blood Products

Components of Donated Blood Products

TL;DR ExpiryStorageTransportExpiryIndicationsWhole bloodIn a blood bank refrigerator at 2℃ – 6℃Can be transported for the next 24h if maintained at 1℃ – 10℃ during transportation35 days in a closed system, 24 hr in an open systemAcute blood lossExchange...
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

TL;DR Definition ▾ Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is an acute hemolysis due to the administration of antigenically incompatible red cells.  Timing ▾ During transfusion or within 24 hours. Signs and Symptoms ▾ Fever: Often the first sign, occurring within minutes...
Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma

TL;DR Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. In this condition, abnormal plasma cells multiply uncontrollably and accumulate in the bone marrow. It is slightly more common in males than females and most...
Hemophilia

Hemophilia

TL;DR Hemophilia is an inherited coagulation disorder caused by mutations on factor VIII gene leading to deficiency in plasma factor VIII for hemophilia A while mutations on factor IX gene for hemophilia B causes decreased factor IX. It is an X-linked recessive...