AL Amyloidosis (Primary Amyloidosis)

AL Amyloidosis (Primary Amyloidosis)

Key Takeaways AL amyloidosis is a systemic disease caused by a clonal plasma cell disorder, leading to the production and deposition of abnormal light-chain amyloid fibrils in organs and tissues. Pathophysiology ▾: Abnormal plasma cells overproduce light chains...
Sjögren’s Syndrome

Sjögren’s Syndrome

Key Takeaways Sjögren’s syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily targeting exocrine glands (dry eyes, mouth). Pathophysiology ▾: Lymphocytic infiltration, autoantibody production (anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB), genetic predisposition, and...
Waldenström Macroglobulinemia

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia

Key Takeaways Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare, slow-growing B-cell lymphoma characterized by the overproduction of IgM monoclonal immunoglobulin by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) cells. Pathophysiology ▾: Primarily driven by the MYD88 L265P...
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Key Takeaways Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage in lung arteries, usually from a DVT. Risk factors involve Virchow’s triad ▾: hypercoagulability, venous stasis, endothelial injury. Pathophysiology ▾: Increased pulmonary resistance, right heart...
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