Drug-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia (DIIHA)

Drug-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia (DIIHA)

TL;DR Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia are caused by drugs that trigger an immune response to attack red blood cells (RBCs), leading to hemolytic anemia. Mechanism ▾ Hapten Model (most common) (Drug-dependent Antibody Model) Immune Complex Formation (less common)...
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)

TL;DR Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy red blood cells. Types ▾ Warm AIHA: Antibodies are active at body temperature, leading to extravascular hemolysis (destruction) in the...
Hemolytic Anemia

Hemolytic Anemia

TL;DR Hemolytic anemia is a blood disorder where red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. Types ▾ Hereditary: Caused by genetic mutations affecting RBC structure, function, or enzyme production (e.g., sickle cell disease, thalassemia)....
White Blood Cells (WBCs)

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

TL;DR White blood cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are the body’s defense system cells. They play a crucial role in the immune response, protecting the body from: Infections: Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other pathogens. Foreign substances: Dust,...
Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)

Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)

TL;DR Primary myelofibrosis is a rare chronic blood cancer originating in the bone marrow. Characterized by abnormal blood cell production, bone marrow fibrosis (scarring), and enlarged spleen. Pathogenesis ▾ Caused by clonal mutations in a hematopoietic stem cell,...