Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

TL;DR Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage in lung arteries, usually from a DVT. Risk factors involve Virchow’s triad ▾: hypercoagulability, venous stasis, endothelial injury. Pathophysiology ▾: Increased pulmonary resistance, right heart strain, V/Q mismatch....
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

TL;DR Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the narrowing of arteries outside the heart, primarily in the legs, due to atherosclerosis. Cause ▾: Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup) is the main cause. Symptoms ▾: Intermittent claudication (leg pain with exercise), rest pain,...
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

TL;DR Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is an immune-mediated reaction to heparin that causes thrombocytopenia and an increased risk of thrombosis. Types ▾: Type I: Non-immune, transient, mild thrombocytopenia. Type II: Immune-mediated, potentially serious, associated...