Lymphocytosis (High Lymphocytes)

Lymphocytosis (High Lymphocytes)

TL;DR Lymphocytosis or High lymphocytes is an elevated absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) in the peripheral blood, typically above 4.0 x 109/L in adults. Lymphocyte Types ▾: Lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, NK cells) are crucial immune cells involved in adaptive and innate...
Causes of Menorrhagia

Causes of Menorrhagia

TL;DR Menorrhagia is excessive/prolonged menstrual bleeding, significantly impacting life and often signaling underlying issues. Causes ▾: Primarily due to gynecological issues (fibroids, polyps) or, crucially from a hematology view, bleeding disorders (e.g., von...
Tachycardia in Hematological Patients

Tachycardia in Hematological Patients

TL;DR Tachycardia is defined as when the heart rate > 100 bpm in adults. It is often a crucial sign of serious underlying issues in hematology patients. Common Causes ▾: Anemia: Most frequent, heart compensates for low oxygen. Infections/Sepsis: Common in...
Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

TL;DR Glanzmann thrombasthenia is a rare, inherited bleeding disorder characterized by defective or deficient platelet αIIb​β3​ (GPIIb/IIIa) integrin leading impaired platelet aggregation despite normal platelet count. Pathophysiology ▾: αIIb​β3​ is crucial for...
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

TL;DR Bernard-Soulier syndrome is inherited bleeding disorder characterized by large platelets, thrombocytopenia and impaired platelet function. Causes ▾: Mutations in GP1BA, GP1BB, or GP9 genes resulting in defects in the glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex on platelet...