Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)

TL;DR What is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)? ▾ Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a drug used to dissolve blood clots.   How does it work? ▾ Works by activating plasminogen, which breaks down fibrin in clots.   Medical uses ▾ Primarily used...
Thalassemia

Thalassemia

TL;DR Thalassemia is a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by the reduced or absent production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Pathogenesis ▾ Caused by genetic mutations affecting globin chain production (alpha or beta)....
Neutrophils

Neutrophils

TL;DR Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell, serving as the body’s primary defense against bacterial and fungal infections. Function ▾: Neutrophils primarily function by engulfing and destroying invading microorganisms through a process called...
Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)

Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)

TL;DR Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare chronic B-cell leukemia with characteristic “hairy” cells. Epidemiology ▾: Primarily affects middle-aged men, with an unknown cause. Pathogenesis ▾: Involves abnormal B-cell development and the BRAF V600E mutation....
Rh Blood Group System

Rh Blood Group System

TL;DR The Rh blood group system is a classification of blood types based on the presence or absence of certain proteins (antigens) on the surface of red blood cells. Rh incompatibility can lead to serious complications. Antigen System: Rh antigens on red blood cells...