Eosinophilic Asthma

Eosinophilic Asthma

TL;DR Eosinophilic asthma is a severe, late-onset type of asthma characterized by a high number of eosinophils, which drives chronic airway inflammation that is often resistant to standard treatments and responds best to targeted biologic therapies. Symptoms and Signs...
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES)

Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES)

TL;DR Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare group of disorders characterized by persistently high blood eosinophils (≥1,500/μL), leading to inflammation and organ damage. Pathophysiology ▾: Caused by eosinophil overproduction and toxic granule release, resulting...
Leukemoid Reaction

Leukemoid Reaction

TL;DR A leukemoid reaction is a benign, reactive process characterized by a marked increase in white blood cells (leukocytosis, often >50,000/µL) with immature myeloid forms (left shift), but it is not a malignancy. Physiological Basis ▾: It represents an exaggerated,...
Hydrops Fetalis

Hydrops Fetalis

TL;DR Hydrops fetalis is excessive fluid accumulation in at least two fetal compartments (skin edema, pleural/pericardial effusion, ascites). Types: Immune (IHF, rare due to RhIG) and Non-Immune (NIHF, ~90% of cases). Pathophysiology ▾: Imbalance in fluid homeostasis,...