Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X)

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X)

TL;DR Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis or formerly known as Histiocytosis X is a clonal myeloid neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of abnormal cells resembling Langerhans cells. It is driven by inflammatory signaling rather than simple cell mass. Molecular...
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)

TL;DR Tumor Lysis Syndrome or TLS is a life-threatening oncologic emergency caused by the rapid, massive lysis of malignant cells. This releases intracellular contents (potassium, phosphorus, and nucleic acids) into the systemic circulation, overwhelming homeostatic...
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

TL;DR Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis  or HLH is a life-threatening “cytokine storm” where a broken “off-switch” in the immune system leads to unchecked, hyperactive T-cells and macrophages that attack the patient’s own organs and...
Neutropenic Sepsis

Neutropenic Sepsis

TL;DR Neutropenic sepsis is a medical emergency defined by a fever (≥ 38.3°C (101°F)) and an ANC < 0.5 X 109/L. It requires a “door-to-needle” time of < 60 minutes for the first dose of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Pathophysiology...
Plasma Cell

Plasma Cell

TL;DR The plasma cell is the terminal, non-proliferating B-lymphocyte dedicated to antibody secretion. Plasma cells originate from B-cells via the Germinal Center (GC) reaction in lymphoid organs. Morphology ▾: Plasma cells has an eccentric nucleus with...
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