Evans Syndrome

Evans Syndrome

TL;DR Evans syndrome is. a rare autoimmune disorder with sequential or simultaneous autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), sometimes with autoimmune neutropenia (AIN). Pathophysiology ▾: Immune dysregulation leads to autoantibodies...
Wilson’s Disease

Wilson’s Disease

TL;DR Wilson’s disease is a rare genetic disorder causing toxic copper accumulation in the liver, brain, and other organs. Pathophysiology ▾: Defective ATP7B gene impairs copper excretion into bile and incorporation into ceruloplasmin, leading to copper overload...
Leukopenia (Low White Cell Count)

Leukopenia (Low White Cell Count)

TL;DR Leukopenia is defined as a decrease in total white blood cells (leukocytes) below the normal range, increasing infection susceptibility. Normal Count: Typically 4,000-11,000 cells/µL; leukopenia is generally <4,000 cells/µL. Classification ▾: Mild...
Thrombocytosis (High Platelet Count)

Thrombocytosis (High Platelet Count)

TL;DR Elevated platelet count above the normal range (typically >450,000/μL). Reactive Thrombocytosis ▾: More common, caused by underlying conditions like infection, inflammation, iron deficiency, splenectomy, malignancy, etc. Platelet count usually normalizes with...
Lymphadenopathy

Lymphadenopathy

TL;DR Lymphadenopathy refers to the swelling or enlargement of lymph nodes, which are part of the lymphatic system, a crucial component of the immune system. Causes of Lymphadenopathy ▾: The causes are diverse, with infections being the most common, followed by...