Red Blood Cells

Copper Deficiency

Copper deficiency is an often-missed, treatable cause of anemia and nerve damage. Learn to recognize and treat this B12 deficiency mimic.

Acute Intermittent Porphyria – AIP

Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP): The “Great Imitator” with no skin signs but high stakes. A guide to neurovisceral crises, the 5 Ps, and urinary PBG screening.

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) is a syndrome where red cells are sheared in small vessels, causing anemia and low platelets. Key feature: schistocytes.

A peripheral blood smear of iron deficiency anemia patient with hypochromic microcytic cells, anisopoikilocytosis and pencil-shaped cells.

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common blood disorder caused by a lack of iron. Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. IDA causes symptoms such as fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

Unveiling the Hallmarks of Thalassemia Major: A Microscopic Portrait of Anisocytosis, Target Cells, and Nucleated Red Blood Cells

Beta-Thalassemia

Beta thalassemia is a blood disorder caused by a mutation in the gene that produces beta globin, a protein that helps red blood cells carry oxygen. People with beta thalassemia may have mild to severe anemia, and may need blood transfusions and other treatments.

Image displaying a peripheral blood smear of hereditary spherocytosis, showcasing the presence of numerous spherocytes, characterized by their small size, dense staining, and lack of central pallor

Hereditary Spherocytosis

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a blood disorder that causes red blood cells to be sphere-shaped and less flexible. This makes them more likely to break down, leading to anemia.

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