AL amyloidosis occurs when misfolded light-chain proteins deposit in organs. Prompt treatment improves outcomes.
White Blood Cells
Sjögren’s Syndrome
Sjögren’s syndrome: An autoimmune disease causing dry eyes, mouth. Systemic effects is possible. Early diagnosis & management are key.
Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM): Rare lymphoma, excess IgM. Causes fatigue, neuropathy, & hyperviscosity. Early diagnosis & tailored treatment are key.
Leukopenia (Low White Cell Count)
Leukopenia: Low white blood cell count, weakening immunity. Learn about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of this condition.
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenopathy explained: Learn about swollen lymph nodes, their common causes (infections, inflammation, cancer), key symptoms, diagnostic tests (blood work, biopsy), and available treatment options. Understand when swollen glands are a cause for concern.
Causes of Atypical Lymphocytes (Reactive Lymphocytes)
Atypical lymphocytes are activated immune cells, often seen in infections. Their unique look aids diagnosis, but distinguishing it from cancer is important.
B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-cell ALL)
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a fast-growing cancer of the immature B cells in the bone marrow.
Periodic Acid Schiff Stain (PAS Staining)
PAS stain is a histochemical technique that utilizes periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent to detect and visualize carbohydrate-rich structures in cells and tissues, such as glycogen, glycoproteins, and mucins.
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer that affects plasma cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies that help fight infection. In MM, plasma cells become abnormal and grow uncontrollably. This can lead to bone pain, anemia, and other complications.
Myeloperoxidase Reaction (MPO) Stain
A stain mainly used to differentiate AML from ALL and gives a bluish to brownish tinge in cells with lysosomal enzyme.
May-Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) Stain
May-Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) stain is an intense Romanovsky stain to help with the visualisation of bone marrow smears.
Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s Disease) & Reed-Sternberg
Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, and is characterized by the presence of large, abnormal lymphocytes called Reed-Sternberg cells.