Red Blood Cells

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH): An acquired blood disease where the immune system attacks red cells due to a mutation in the X chromosome.

Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (warm AIHA)

Warm AIHA: Immune system attacks red blood cells, causing anemia. Symptoms include fatigue, pallor, and jaundice. Treatment targets immune suppression.

Cold Agglutinin Disease

Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune anemia. Cold-reactive antibodies destroy red blood cells, causing fatigue, cold sensitivity, and anemia.

Cold Agglutinin Disease

Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune anemia. Cold-reactive antibodies destroy red blood cells, causing fatigue, cold sensitivity, and anemia.

Wilson’s Disease

Wilson’s Disease

Wilson’s disease: A rare genetic disorder causing toxic copper buildup in the liver and brain. Early diagnosis and lifelong treatment are crucial.

Evans Syndrome

Evans Syndrome

Evans syndrome: Rare autoimmune disorder causing low red blood cells & platelets (AIHA & ITP). Can lead to fatigue, bruising, and bleeding.

Pernicious Anemia

Pernicious Anemia

Pernicious anemia, an autoimmune condition, disrupts vitamin B12 absorption. This leads to fatigue, nerve problems, and a special type of anemia. Early diagnosis and B12 replacement therapy are key for good health.

Systemic Approach to Anemia

Systemic Approach to Anemia

Systematic anemia diagnosis starts with a detailed history, exam & blood tests. Iron studies, B12/folate levels & other tests pinpoint the cause (iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, etc.) leading to targeted treatment & improved outcomes.

Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Hereditary hemochromatosis, an inherited disorder, disrupts iron absorption leading to excessive iron buildup in organs like the liver, heart, and pancreas. Early diagnosis through blood tests is crucial to prevent potential complications like cirrhosis, heart failure, and diabetes. Treatment focuses on iron reduction through phlebotomy and may prevent severe health consequences.

Sideroblastic Anemia

Sideroblastic Anemia

Sideroblastic anemia disrupts iron use in red blood cells. Caused by genetic mutations or factors like alcohol abuse, it’s diagnosed by analyzing bone marrow for ring sideroblasts, iron-laden structures.