by MH Team | Nov 7, 2025 | White Blood Cells
TL;DR The plasma cell is the terminal, non-proliferating B-lymphocyte dedicated to antibody secretion. Plasma cells originate from B-cells via the Germinal Center (GC) reaction in lymphoid organs. Morphology ▾: Plasma cells has an eccentric nucleus with...
by MH Team | Nov 3, 2025 | White Blood Cells
TL;DR Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) is an asymptomatic premalignant plasma cell or lymphoplasmacytic disorder. Classification ▾: Divided into Non-IgM MGUS (most common, precursor to Multiple Myeloma, MM), IgM MGUS (precursor to...
by MH Team | Nov 1, 2025 | White Blood Cells
TL;DR Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM) is an intermediate, asymptomatic stage between Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) (low-risk) and Active Multiple Myeloma (MM) (symptomatic, requiring treatment). Pathophysiology ▾: Smoldering...
by MH Team | Oct 25, 2025 | Platelet Disorders
TL;DR Hemophilia A (Classic Hemophilia) is an inherited bleeding disorder defined by a quantitative or qualitative deficiency of Factor VIII (FVIII). Etiology & Inheritance: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the F8 gene on the X...
by MH Team | Oct 9, 2025 | Transfusion Medicine
TL;DR A transfusion reaction is defined as any adverse event or unintended response in a patient that is associated with the administration of whole blood or one of its components. Reaction TypePrimary CausePathophysiology/MechanismClassic SymptomsInitial Management /...
by MH Team | Oct 4, 2025 | Transfusion Medicine
TL;DR Transfusion-associated circulatory overload or TACO is a non-immunologic transfusion reaction occurring within 6 hours that results from acute hypervolemia overwhelming the heart’s capacity, which consequently raises pulmonary capillary hydrostatic...
by MH Team | Sep 30, 2025 | White Blood Cells
TL;DR Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a rapidly progressing malignancy of immature lymphoid cells (lymphoblasts) in the bone marrow. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is primarily classified by WHO as B-ALL (∼80% of cases) or T-ALL...
by MH Team | Sep 26, 2025 | Transfusion Medicine
TL;DR Transfusion-related acute lung injury or TRALI is an acute, life-threatening syndrome of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema occurring during or shortly after blood transfusion. It must occur within 6 hours of completing the transfusion (typically within 1–2...
by MH Team | Sep 23, 2025 | Transfusion Medicine
TL;DR A Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR) is an immune-mediated adverse event that occurs as a consequence of a blood transfusion. Its defining characteristic is the delayed onset, with signs and symptoms typically appearing 3 to 30 days post-transfusion....
by MH Team | Sep 18, 2025 | Red Blood Cells
TL;DR Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia or MAHA is a syndrome defined by a triad of microangiopathic damage, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia, all resulting from the physical fragmentation of red blood cells in small blood vessels. Pathophysiology ▾: The...
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